History Of Marketing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History Of Marketing - Term Paper ExampleWhat one must understand is the fact that merchandise is here to change perceptions, alter thinking dynamics, and basically bring intimately a change which is for the betterment of all and sundry. The history of trade is such that it has excited the marketers and made them apprised of how incremental changes have come rough in different mannerisms, and the wholesale amendments have not done for(p) by unnoticed. This paper discusses how merchandise has come about of age and the manner under which success has kissed its feet everyplace a period of prison term. To add to the discussion at hand, merchandising has delivered It has made people feel felicitate who are associated with it in one way or the other, as to how success could have been achieved, and how products and services could be best exploited to attain magnanimous results. Be it advertising or public relations tangents, marketing has come out in the open and suggested a chang e for the better. Be it putting up a hoarding on the road side or simply direct mailing to a say-so customer, marketing has manifested its entirety for the sake of one and all. Be it word of mouth approaches or merely forming up opinion leaders, marketing is one aspect which has become known for all the right reasons and the best scatter is that marketing knows how to turn dreams into gold, thoughts into actions, and raw material into brands. What remains to be seen is how the marketing element brings in the untold required ROI for the gross sales force so that they can heave a sigh of relief in the times to come, and deliver whenever there is a discussion centering on the premise of bringing about that vital sale. Earlier, it was thought that marketing is carried out to showcase the products and services which are being offered by an organization. However, when time passed by, the marketers realized how potent a tool marketing really is. They understood that marketing is the t riggering force slow the sales dynamics. And it will only be natural to think of twain marketing and sales to be inter-linked with one another. This came about with a change in the thinking mechanisms of the people, as they believed that marketing will bring forth and generate sales, which essentially took place when marketing was employed to its maximum and most efficient use. The link with sales is all the more important to know because sales depend on the initiatives that are undertaken by the marketing department within an organization. If the marketing department knows that it should be bolstered because there is a dire need to do so, the sales department needs to get its act together as well, and make sure that the marketing department receives what it requires the most and that too in a quick way (Baker, 2006). The potential success of both marketing and sales tangents is through the incorporation of the processes and tasks with one another, as has been manifested with the passage of time where the historical logical implication of marketing is such that it has triggered sales over a period of time, inducing and generating sales (trials) all well-nigh the world. The marketers who are entrusted with making things happen within the marketing dynamics are indeed dependent on the goodness of this tangent more significantly now than ever before. This is because they have started to believe staunchly in the power of marketing and how it has been able to showcase the strengths that lie within its folds. The marketers have also realized that the marketing

Is the work performance of registered nurses who are actively engaged Research Proposal

Is the work performance of registered applys who are actively occupied in the leading and managing of their techs (certified nurses assistant) better than those nurses who are partially involved - Research Proposal Exampleing and leading other(a) nurses in their role of taking care of patients, and other activities of importance that the institution king be engaged in and controlling all activities of the nurses including evaluation of their performance in the breast feeding work as thoroughly as performance in departmental subunits. Staffing, as one of the roles of the nursing managers, includes the acquisition of staff on respectable time and/or part time nursing assistants who act as the eyes and ears of the registered nurses/ nurse managers. The health institutions can decide to want on board a nurse manager to take on the role of taking charge of the full time nursing assistants and have another taking charge of the part time nursing assistants. At the same time, a nurse manager might be in charge of both the full time and the part time nursing assistants. In both cases, dealing with either category of the nursing assistants has its own challenges which must be tackled differently. This business research report will undertake to explain the differences in the charge and performance skills for nurse managers dealing with the full time nursing assistants and those dealing with the part time nursing assistants. The areas that will be addressed by this business report include areas where nursing management is needed the skills needed for the profession the differences in management that results from nursing managers taking on either part time or fulltime assistant nurses the differences in skills unavoidable in dealing with either part time or fulltime nursing assistants and the nature of work performed by the nursing managers. The results yielded by the study conducted included the existence of differences in management roles as well as skills in man aging fulltime and part time nursing assistants the vast health related field in which the nursing management career has importance and is utilized and the critical worked performed by the nurse managers which resonates around administration

Writing Female Heroism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Writing Female Heroism - seek ExampleBased on various textual evidences in the above narratives, they claim that Indians were a fortune of inhuman creatures. In as much as I would like to agree with both Kinnans and Rowlandsons perspective on the animosity portrayed by the Indians, I believe beyond clean doubt that the Indians were forced to behave inhumanly based on their earlier advances by Whites.Kinnan and Rowlandson provide a first-hand line of the experiences which they underwent when in captivity by the primaeval Indians. From my perspective, any person who would face such an ordeal and heartening experience among the Indians would basically call them savages. Kannan for instance had her husband and child killed by the Indians, plot of ground Rowlandson had her dear female child die while she was in captivity by the Indians (Rowlandson 108). From the perspective of a mother, seeing one losing beloved ones is a hurtful experience that can manifest as post-traumatic str ess resulting in fixed execration towards the murderers. Any reader, mother or wife who reads this part in the narrative written by bloody shame Kinnan, My child, scalped and slaughtered, smiled even then my husband, scalped and weltering in his blood, fixed on me his dying eye would develop hatred towards the perpetrators as it touched deeply into family (Rowlandson 108). In Mary Rowlandson narrative, There was one who was chopped into the head with a tomahawk and stripped naked, and yet was crawling up and down (Kinnan 4). Such a narrative and description of the moment that conspired on that fateful night would totally describe the Indians as inhuman. Both Kinnan and Rowlandson are biased while they give the accounts of their narratives as they were siding with the colonialists.However, from my perspective, I believe the Indians were not inhuman creatures as Kinnan and Rowlandson portrayed them. The Native Indians had their reason why they waged such violent wars on the white co lonialists. During the same

Education and youth integration into European labour markets the case Study

Education and young person integration into European labour markets the of Balkan countries - Case Study Examplee employers recruits & selects the most efficient and swank candidate who is a blend of adaptability, flexibility, vision, critical thinking and charisma. Hence, it is justified to argue that the above mentioned consequences are fruits of globalization that potential employees of 21st century have been reaping in an extremely gainsay, complex and unstructured business environment. Education, in this scenario, plays vital role because it informs and shapes the mindsets of youths, who are would-be employees. In fact, the purpose of education is to provide students an insight over contemporary challenges in their society, sharpens their critical thinking / intellect and mentally prepares them for any adverse or approbatory future outcomes. For instance, the students learn how they could assimilate pressure and upgrade themselves to comply with modern rules, expectations a nd demands. This paper will drip light in detail how different kinds and levels of education shape the access of young people to jobs of vary advantage and the smoothness of the transition from school to work. The researcher will specifically take into consideration the educational policies, frameworks and models presently implemented in European Union to enhance educational level and prepare students to successfully commence their careers in an uncertain and unpredictable external business environment. It should be emphasized that education may resolve financial problems that are actually the root cause of societal unrest and uncertainty. In new(prenominal) words, the uneducated have become outliers since they barely find any respectable employment opportunity, thereby change to growth of unprivileged classes. However, it should not be confused that only free market economic system and capitalism has...The interaction and coordination among people has improved tremendously in last 3 decades after the advent of profits and subsequent use of desktop PCs, laptop notebooks, Personal Digital Assistants, mobile devices etc. Indeed, there has been great focus today on research and development function because every nation has understood that a country, with technological backwardness, may not succeed and prosper in todays extremely challenging external environment.The importance of education in personal and financial development could not be denied. Without education, a person in 21st century could face oneself insecure and unsafe because of complexities, unpredictability and challenges. The educational systems crosswise Germany and United Kingdom have focused on school-based and work-based training sessions, thereby reducing youth unemployment rate and contributing to youth integration in labor markets to a greater extent. Similarly, Austria, Denmark and Netherland also have small-scale youth unemployment rates and greater integration levels. In contrast, France, Italy, Greece and Spain are among notable countries that have very high up youth unemployment primarily because of less focus on vocational specialization and work-based training. Most of the poor and economically unsound Balkan countries have been grappling with grave issue of unemployment, and provide limited educational facilities to every youth.

Ernest Miller Hemingway Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ernest Miller Hemingway - Research Paper ExampleThesis statement The slewvass and job study of the con stories A Clean, Well Lighted Place and Soldiers Home by Hemingway proves that both the whole kit and boodle are with similar and dissimilar literary elements (special references to plot, character development, theme setting and mood). Compare and contrast The compare and study is based upon the literary elements like plot, character development, theme setting and mood. A. Plot The plot of the short story A Clean, Well Lighted Place is related to the problem of alienation felt by the senior citizens in the troupe. The old man in the story never shows eagerness to reveal his individuality and personal details. Instead, the conversation between the waiters at the Cafe reveals the personal details about the old man. The bank clerk in the short story A Clean, Well Lighted Place, makes clear that The waiter watched him go eat up the street, a very old man walking unsteadily but w ith dignity (290). One can easily identify that the works plot is interconnected with the problems faced by human beings in their old age, disregarding their economic status. On the other side, the plot of the work Soldiers Home is interconnected with problems in human life, but from a different angle of view. For instance, one can easily identify that the writers experience in wars and the alienation from the brinystream society can be seen as the motivation commode the plot. The protagonist (Harold Krebs) in the story is not ready to be free from the hangover of the war in Germany. In the short story Soldiers Home, the narrator points out that He wanted to live along without consequences (113). Besides, his fluctuation to return to his native place with other soldiers reveals that he was not aware of his role in the society as a soldier. His return to his native place did not make any change in the society because he returned after a number years. His life with his family was no t so successful because he was aware of the fact that his life is totally under the control of his father. At last, the protagonist is ready to shit the shell of his dreamy world and faces the reality. To be specific, both the works deal with the problems in human life. The occasion work deals with the problems faced by elder citizens in a society, and the latter work deals with the problems faced by a soldier in his public and private domain. To be specific, the author chose human life as the plot for both the works and the only difference is in the treatment of the plot. B. Character development just about of the factors of character development in literature are concreteness, speech, manner, motivation and change. Within this context, the main character (old man) in the short story A Clean, Well Lighted Place is displays concreteness because the author makes use of the waiters to provide selective information about him. This indirect technique proves to be successful because the conversation between the waiters unearths the specific characteristic of the main character. The old mans speech with the waiters proves that he is able to take decisions of his own and others cannot change the same. Besides, he does not show any interest to communicate with others. The author provides ample importance to the strange behavior of the old man and the same proves that he is facing a number of problems in his family. Tyler states that His suicidal attempt, his alcoholism, and his preposterous eagerness to stay at the deserted

Case Study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Case Study - Assignment ExampleSecondly, employees were only liable for negligence when their acts resultant in students bodily injury.Significance The Barr v Bernhard case served as a catalyst for the human rights dejection to have the legislature change statutes that do not correlate with the legislatives intents in a constitution. This case was decided many years ago and eight years after the courts decision, the legislature had not changed the statute.Holding The United States Supreme Court held that before a student from a public school is subjected to a suspension, the student should get the chance to explain his or her actions in a audition (Find Law, 2015). According to Emanuel and Emanuel (2008) and Wasserman (2004) giving suspensions without a hearing violates the American constitution. The court held that suspending students from public schools without a hearing was in violation to the due process clause, stipulated in the Fourth Amendment of the constitution.Reasoning Central High rail where the nine students got suspended violated the due process clause because the students got suspended without first going by the school boards hearing process. Though the students destroyed the school property which resulted to a fault of learning the students were still entitled to education which was taken away when they got suspended. According to Cole & Smith (2007) and horse parsley and Alexander (2011) students have an entitlement to their due process of the law stipulated in the

Production chain in the car indusry and CSR Essay

Production chain in the car indusry and CSR - search ExampleOn the other hand, corporate social pesponsibility is the act of a association or an government activity to get a line that its activities work in a expressive style that it benefits the society in which it surrounds. The company should also ensure that wageees and customers needs are well gathered for and as a result lead to proper birth amongst the parties involved thus leading to a sustainable developmnent owing to the fact that each and every member of the society will be feeling considered and hence contribute to the success of the brass section in whichever counseling possible (Bloom and Gundlach, 2001 Darren et al, 2009 Fernanda, 2006).Since production chain should be taken as a single service oral communication aimed at achieving a common goal, it should always be appropriate that all the interelated components are brought together, for instance, as a result of variation in characteristics involved in dev ising different types of cars such as speed, expertness and modes of operation which in a way may varry according to the various operations the car undertakes(IB chamber, 2002). For instance, a heavy commercial vehicle will definitely be made in a way that it will not speed beyond a certain limit being exceeded by a small car. As a unifying factor, it is important that over time, the designing and development of processes be improved. This requires making raise improvements on the existing car models. This should be done to ensure that the firm or the company maintains its customers and furthemore coming up with what the competitors in the market cannot attain. In essence, production in car industry normally requires that all the departments in an organization are involved. for instance, the purchasing department will be responsible for the encyclopaedism of raw materials to be used in the unfeigned making of the car, the manufacturing department will ensure that the actual car is made to work, the human resource department will make sure that the labour forcefulness is hired and its employees rights and welfare is taken into consideration, finance department is responsible for making the necessary payments to staff and further ensuring that all transactions made by the car production industry are well accounted for, sales department is accontable for all the sales, that is making sure that the organization is able to achieve the targets as per the needs of the organization and finally the marketing department core responsibility is to ensure sustained competetiveness of the industry by making sure it sources for more markets for the products coming up from the car production industry. Taking all the departments into account, it is appropriate to employ good corporate social responsibility as this will ensure that proper morals and cypher of conduct are put in place and thus ensuring that no

Supreme COurt Kelo v. The city U5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Supreme COurt Kelo v. The city U5 - Essay ExampleThe eventual plan unload through. The slickness was an unmitigated disaster and is a great piece of evidence suggesting courts should mind their own business. The case hinged on the definition of state-supported use in the fifth amendment of the Constitution. Justice Cl bence Thomas issued a in good order dissent in which he took the majority to task Allowing the government to take property solely for public purposes is bad enough, but extending the concept of public purpose to encompass any economically beneficial final stage guarantees that these losses will fall disproportionately on poor communities. Those communities are not only systematically less likely to put their lands to the highest and best social use, but are also the least politically powerful. This dissent says it all. The unintended consequences of the activist judges rulings are unfair and unjust. The problem with activist judges is that they undermine our democ racy. They are not elected officials and are not responsive to the public. They live in an abstract world where they rarely see the consequences of their actions. Unfortunately, President Obama is keen on selecting more activist judges to sit on the workbench of the Supreme Court. Kanner, Gideon. Kelo v. New London Bad Law, Bad Policy and Bad Judgment. The Urban lawyer 38 (2006).

Islamic credit cards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Islamic recognise pester game - Essay ExampleWorthington has defined these tease as Pay Later Cards, which urge ons the utilizationr to purchase any product or portion without paying cash money. Fowler explains the credit cards as any coupon, single credit device, card or plate that can be used to get labor, services, goods or cash on credit. Such a card allows the user to make the required financial transaction without paying any money. The current technical development has given more powers to the buyer for purchasing goods and services on line. However, this requires an instrument that can facilitate payment to the seller at the time of such purchase. The credit card issued by a edge comes handy for this purpose as the buyer pays seller the required money through this card.Credit cards are secure as they replace cash which most of the race do not envision safe to carry. In addition, carrying cash requires deep pockets and may create hassles. There are several reasons fo r the people to use credit cards. These include purchasing of foods and services, making necessary recharges, getting cash advances and enhancing the self-prestige.Credit cards have a long history as they have been in use since several decades. Their use started from United States in 1920s. Ritzer has named these cards as American Icon. During the early 20th century, credit cards were used for the first time in oil, automobile companies and general stores. Many writers have given credit to John Beggins of Flatbush National Bank in New York for inventing the first bank-issued credit card. The Banking Reviews Paper, FDIG informs that the brain of providing cash through a card goes back to 1800s era. However, the use of a bank issued credit card at different merchant outlets started only after 1950s. Bank Americard issued first VISA card in mid 1970s, while created the reputed credit card operation, called VISA. The scope of credit card use has widened instantly largely as

Analysis On The Triggers Of American Revolutionary War Term Paper

Analysis On The Triggers Of American Revolutionary War - Term Paper ExampleBefore war erupted, there was ripening discontent among the Englishmen living in the thirteen colonies because of increased taxation and lack of representation in the British government. By 1765 a group called Sons of Liberty were formed who no longer wanted America to be ruled by the British Empire. However, obsessed with control then king of England George III sent soldiers to capital of Massachusetts to intimidate the populate because he did not want to lose control over the American colonies the disaster would later be called Boston Massacre. This was not taken rise up by the people and the collective belief led to a call for liberation. Colonists across the Americas made the plight of Boston and Massachusetts as their own. They conduct sympathy and concern for the suffering of their brethren in the common cause of liberty. In a way, the actions of the Empire against the people of Boston even reinfor ced the sentiments of the American colonists as it strengthened and forged a sense of comradeliness among them. People from neighboring community would travel to Boston to bring aid like fresh fruits, vegetables, and slant to extend their support and show that whatever they are experiencing in Boston, the other colonies understand as well and are supporting them.American colonists on the eve of the Revolution have forged a red-hot identity that had now set them apart from Britons elsewherethey no longer see themselves as Britons, Englishmen, or American colonists.

Understanding personal finance Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Understanding personal finance - Term Paper ExampleThis pay off entrust pick out under the personal finance category. Individuals argon also made planning to localise their financial resources in a proper place so that they after part enjoy the maximum benefit. They whoremonger deposit in wide range of banking products or stock market instruments (bond, mutual fund, demat account etc.). Banking products take on fixed deposit, current deposit, saving account, recurring deposit, many damages scheme (life insurance, health insurance, medi claim, disability insurance etc). Maximum individuals are like to invest major % of their monetary resource in the banking products especially in the fixed deposit because in such case risk factors are very less and gold is invested in secure place (especially public sector banks or government undertaking banking organizations). They also understand strategic plans for proper pension scheme, retirement plans, income tax focusing, wealth tax management, property tax management and social security benefits.Financial planning is the most important part in the personal finance. This can be said that planning is the key component in this field. Without proper and effective planning elevate the amount of personal finance and monitor the flow of financial resources (both inflows and out flows) is very difficult. There are few steps involved in the financial planning. These steps are as follows.Assessment- Assessment is the initiative step of the personal finance planning. It is required to understand the actual situation and financial or monetary position of a person. Financial statements are required to assess the financial situation. The residuum sheet will be prepared on individual person and not on the organization. So this is called personal balance sheet. Personal assets such as car, furniture, house, stocks, cash at bank, cash in hand will come under the asset side of balance sheet and personal

Boston - Geological Development and Human Settlement Research Paper

capital of Massachusetts - geological Development and Human Settlement - Research Paper ExampleThis will be in bet to the liquefaction phenomenon, and what considerations need to be put in place, with regard to overall safety measures.The Boston area, part of the bigger new England region, is often vulnerable to different earthquakes of varying measures, many of which are small and therefore mostly destructive. However a few of these, over 30-40 strikes annually, are critical due to the effective destruction they suffer cause in terms of lost lives and damage to property and infrastructure (Miller 1). Furthermore, the region surrounding Boston is to a fault vulnerable to shocks and earthquakes, which can be felt in the area as puff up. A survey conducted by John Ebel, a Boston College seismologist evidently places the epicenter of these different quakes to New Hampshire portraying them as aftershocks of a bigger historical occurrence. Importantly is that he predicts a future m ega-quake occurring (Miller 1/ Rashed and John 11). key to the discussion is Bostons distinguishable feature of having elegant brick-and-mortar architecture, which in many cases sits on loose, tottering soil (Klee 1). Furthermore, expert opinion is of the view that the aging state of the citys utilities and infrastructure is also a major area of concern. The Beacon Hills history as an abolitionist center, peculiarly its northern streets, makes it more prone to such occurrences (Klee 43). This is complemented by Mcphee in his article Travels of the Rock in the New Yorker, who is able to investigate the regions rock formation origin relating the concepts of geological history and extermination schemes in the region (Mcphee 108).Accordingly, this provides a basis on which target audiences are able to link the afoot(predicate) state of affairs, the architecture involved, and the general vulnerability to different aspects such as historical settlement, as well as

Commonwealth v. Louise Woodward, 427 Mass. 659 (1998) Essay

Commonwealth v. Louise Woodward, 427 Mass. 659 (1998) - Essay ExampleThe murder trial of Louise Woodward began on October 6 1997. The trial lasted for ternary weeks after which the sitting stress instructed the control panel with regard to first and second-degree murder. The instructions concerning manslaughter were non given since Woodward has asked the settle to leave them out. On 30 October, Woodward was found guilty of second degree murder and was sentenced to life in prison. After a post judgment relief motion by Woodward on 19 November, the enunciate reduced the sentence initially given by making the charge manslaughter. Woodward was then sentenced to 279 days that the render considered had been served during her trial and during the time of waiting for action on the post judgment relief. The judge however denied Woodwards request for a retrial or a judgment of not guilty. The Commonwealth of mammy filed an appeal against the holiday of the murder conviction. In their a ppeal, the dry land argued that the judge did not have a right to change the jurys sentence and that he erred in denying the request of the rural area to instruct the jury on manslaughter. The commonwealth argued that it had brought evidence to the court that could convict the accused on either first or second-degree murder or manslaughter. Woodward rejected the option of manslaughter and therefore the judge erred in availing this sentence to her. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts argued that whereas the defendant whitethorn request instructions for lesser crimes, the decision on whether to include such an instruction to the jury does not rest with the defendant (McBrewster 98-102). They argued that the defendant lacks the technical capacity to make such decisions. They besides argued that in the spokesperson of Woodward, that she requested be left out was for a lesser offence which was unprecedented in any(prenominal) jurisdiction. Their contention was that all instruction sho uld have been included in order to give the jury a chance to decide upon the evidence rather than restricting their choices. The Supreme Court in ruling on the appeal ruled in favor of the judge in asserting that the judge had powers according to the Massachusetts rules of criminal procedure to vacate the sentence given by a jury. The court asserted that the judge had offered reasons for vacating the sentence even as the law did not require him to do so. The court in addition upheld the doctrine used in other cases in asserting that confusion and inexperience rather than malice apprised the killing of the child. The Supreme Court argued that the judge is more capable of making judgment that is more applicable since he is more knowledgeable in the law and has the opportunity to review witnesses in court (Conrad 65-6). Woodward also appealed the case arguing upon two critical issues. Woodward argues that the loss or suppression of evidence by the state would make it just to vacate her indictment since she has been denied an opportunity at presenting potentially exculpatory evidence (Meinhold 175). Woodward also argued that the commonwealth denied her rights by not disclosing that the child had a hairline fracture prior to the bodys interment. She argued that it is the accountability of the state to preserve evidence despite the verdict given. The court in responding to

Consumer Behaviour (case study milk) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Consumer Behaviour (case study milk) - quiz ExampleAs a result, many buyers share a favorable attitude toward Australian milk. The young advertising campaign helps the milk industry appeal to new target audience. It portrays milk drinkers as credibly to have more stamina and to have a better time as beer drinkers (Case study). In this case, demeanor patterns of buyers are influence by quality decisions and crotchety qualities of the product. This behavior patterns represent how a product is associated with unique personal image and health-conscious appeal (Brock et al 1994).Another step is to reposition the product and change the mien people view milk as s beverage (Case study). In a short catch of time, success is due in part to the products association with prestige and new life ardour. The message is reinforced in advertising that urges new buyers to join this group. The milk industry uses the same characters, James and Tom, with sex appeal. Personal value are considered im portant consumer behavior elements because they serve as determinants of attitudes and have manifested themselves in the formation of buying motives and patsy attitudes. Personal values are better predictors of activity preference than demographic variations. Factors comprising items related to cultural activities, open-air(prenominal) activities, and roots such as visiting ancestral homelands and friends and relatives indicated that personal values were more useful than demographics. twain campaigns are targeted at male consumers. It is possible to say that values are learned and are trustworthy for determining self-concept. These values extend to social, family life, entertainment, and other facets of life. New advertising campaign creates a new agency of conduct which the individual believes is either correct or incorrect, and increases number of branded products. Another campaign, Milk-legendary Staff, is base on emotional and sex appeal. The role of this type of advertisi ng is to change the style of life of consumers beyond economic factors and includes an increasing concern with a sense of well-being. Consumers behavior is influenced by factors mentioned above and reflected their feelings, states of happiness, and other behavioural measures are associated with their expectations. Generally, the style of life is equated with a sense of satisfaction. For milk producers, it is important to create a shopping centre of loyal supporters based on their behavior patterns. The advent of customer loyalty is a response to the necessitate to meet heightened customer expectations and face intensified market competition. Customer loyalty can be be as a commitment to continue to do business with a company on an on-going basis. To deliver customers satisfaction milk producers consider several options for developing operations strategy. Having the option to choose, and options to choose from, is of the essence(p) to marketing dynamics (Brock et al 1994). Witho ut option of choice, they be unable to create a selling mesmerism and to target their most promising opportunities and customers would be unable to express their needs and purchase preferences, settling for something less-than-acceptable, or not at all (Wells et al 2005). In spite of positive changes in life style of people and increasing consumption of milk, both advertising campaigns exploit consumers. Advertising message has a spectacular influence on buyers as it is often

Buss law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Buss law - Essay Example2. A partnership ceases to exist or in other words is terminated where the single venture that was prosecute is terminated or where the term of the partnership was for a fixed period of time, which has lapsed where it is consequently raise that the partnership is illegal or for an illegal purpose or where a court grants an order to virtuoso of the partner.3. The courts in Barclays Bank v. OBrien1 have classified undue influence into two classes the first is literal undue influence where the claimant has to prove that the offender had used undue influence on the claimant to enter into the particular transaction. In the second class that is presumed undue influence, the claimant only has to prove that there was a dealinghip of effrontery and confidence which has been breached there is no need to prove actual undue influence, once a clandestine relationship has been established.4. A lessee is under a duty to abide by the leasehold covenants which have been agreed upon in the agreement. Further the lessee has to maintain property so that third party entering the premises does not waste ones time affected from such non-maintenance.5. Under the Statute of Frauds 1677 it has been clearly stated that contracts of surety must be do in writing and should be duly signed. However there be two exceptions which might be said to be relevant to surety, the first one is where there has been part performance and the second is where the defendant addresses the existence of a contract under an oath.5 The general formation of a contract requires an rear (that is a definite promise to be bound by the contract provided that that certain terms and conditions are fulfilled), acceptance (an unequivocal intention to abide by the offer from the offeree), intention to create legal relations and certainty.S.40 (1) of the Law of Property Act 1925 (repealed by s.2 of the Law of Property (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act

Development of Economic Thought Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

instruction of Economic Thought - Assignment ExampleThey came up with the guess of imperfect competition revolution. They were having the socialist tactual sensation and support the equal right mandate to be chosen.In other words, Robinson and Chamberlin tried to modify the price theory. They were having the opinion that the ideal competitive process leads to the reduction in the welfare of the state whereas imperfect competition results in the welfare of the state. By introducing imperfect competition, the variety of products increases. This results in providing people with a range of accessories. This new price approach, therefore, brings about change not only in the terms of the welfare of society but also in the approach of people(Bellante). People start salaried for the wider range of products, thus resulting in the greater amount of revenues generated. Although this approach is being effectively implemented in the socialist economies of today, in the past when this approach was first introduced, it faced the number of challenges. According to Robinson and Chamberlin, this approach is not only the means of generating more revenue but also provides added benefits of more employment opportunities. But Lange was having the opinion that although this approach is good from the perspective of person individually, but not from the perspective of nation-building. This theory produces rapid changes in the socio-economic world and hence rapid changes thus take place in the demand of products. Therefore, job auspices is really reduced.Dobb was basically a 20th-century economist following Marxian political theories. Dobbin his famous book the Development of Socialist Economic Thought have discussed that according to the Marxists school of thought collectivism is divided into two stages categorized as a lower socialism stage and a high socialism stage. The people or class belonging to lower socialism stage is those who solely bet on their income and this income comes as a part of their salary. They do not have any otherextraction of income. But the other stage of higher socialism results in the unequal distribution of resources(Cockshott).

General Character Traits of a Successful Entrepreneur Essay Example for Free

popular Character Traits of a Successful Entrepreneur EssayTaking moderate risks is another characteristic of thriving entrepreneurs. They dont fear to take risks. FEAR to take risks discourages initiative, brings about uncertainty of purpose, destroys ambition, kills enthusiasm, destroys good reasoning and stops you from winning action. Besides, there is nothing you can engage yourself in without any risks involved. *She takes own(prenominal) responsibility for her feature actions. The more than responsibility you take, the more in control you are.And the freer you are, especially in your own mind, to make decisions and to do the things you loss to do. Things go wrong when you run your own strain. Most entrepreneurs go through crises with their businesses and more than a few wind up with outright failures on their hands. But when youre responsible for a business, you go for to be competent to nutrition calm in any situation. Any other reaction whether you lose your ruggedness or get flustered compounds the problem. Instead, a good entrepreneur must have the ability to keep his cool in an emergency or crisis. It may not make the problem easier to solve, but it for certain wont make it harder.If an entrepreneur can handle failure without frustration or anger, he can move past it to find success. *She is self-confident Successful entrepreneurs dont depend on luck. They are able to visualize and they believe in the attainment of their desires at all cost. Ability to visualize and to have religion in the attainment of your desires is an important factor in building your self-confidence. *She likes to get concrete feedback on her own performance from others. Asking people around your business the feedback on your performance is one way youll retire whether you need to improve your performance or stay the same.It is fine to have your critics to motivate yourself to improve your performance. *She is refer with tasks and problems rather than wit h people. Successful entrepreneurs are problem solvers. They have the ability to identify specific problems of a devoted customer group, which require their products or services to be solved. As they solve their customers problems, they end up qualification money. Turning peoples problems into great opportunities is one of the characteristics of successful entrepreneurs. *She is very creative To succeed you have to be creative. tout ensemble successful entrepreneurs think a lot differently from ordinary people. They see things other people have not yet mirrored and are able to introduce new things and new ways of doing things. *She is achievement- orientated All successful entrepreneurs are achievers. They do not give up when faced with a temporary locomoteer defeat. They do not despair because they are highly motivated people. Whatever they put their hands and their minds on, they cast themselves to achieve it. Until they achieve it, they do not stop. Even after achieving it, they look forward to strengthen their achievements. person-to-person Entrepreneurial Competencies or (PECS) *Opportunity seeking Does things before asked or forced to by events Acts to extend the business into new areas, products or services Seizes unusual opportunities to start a new business, obtain financing, equipment, land work space or assistance *Persistence Takes action in the face of a significant impediment Takes repeated actions or switches to an alternative strategy to meet a challenge or overcome an obstructer Takes personal responsibility for the performance necessary to achieve goals and objectives Commitment to work contact Makes a personal sacrifice or expends extraordinary effort to complete a job.

Barbie Doll by Marge Piercy Essay Example for Free

Barbie Doll by Marge Piercy EssayThe poem, Barbie Doll, is about a daughter who was ripening up in a monastic order which regard highly of female beauty. The title illustrates that just about females were expected to be like Barbie dolls. These dolls cast pressure on the fille to be like supermodel. In this story, the girl failed to meet the standards of society and viewed as a social outcast.The first paragraph describes a growing girl who was presented with dolls, miniature GE stoves, irons and lipsticks. This will ensure that the girl will know which sexual urge roles she should be and not too deviate from the accepted social custom. The mood of the poem changes when the author describes, the deceit of puberty. Here, it refers to a time of emotional crisis that the girl went through as she matures. She is constantly teased for not sounding like the typical Barbie dolls.The second paragraph began with mentioning the girls positive aspects, such as She was healthy, test ed intelligent, possesses strong fortification and back and abundant sexual drive and manual dexterity, These sentences portray the girl image (female) to male characteristics. The tome in the poem changes again when the author stated, the girl went to and fro apologizing, and everyone still say she had a fat nose and bass legs, the society again, scorn at the ugly appearance of the girl.In the third paragraph, line twelve to sixteen, the girl is expected to fake her natural behavior, emotion and characteristics. The fan belt was used to exemplify that one cannot raise the pressure placed by society to meet their standards and will wear out eventually. Consequently, she cut out her nose and legs. Therefore, the last paragraph expressed her death as consummation at last. Dont she bet handsome? Everyone said. In this line, the author wants the reader to make good judgment to the senseless situation in which society judge beauty to female.I think that children, especially boys, a re not born with hatred or feelings of enmity towards female who have physical figures below social standards. They are all programmed that way by selfish or ignorant male adults. If these male adults can only take a look at themselves and see that all they have done is to destroy. The lives of their opposite sex, driving down theirself-esteem to the deepest pit, thence this society will be a better place to live in.

Game theory Essay Example for Free

punt scheme EssayGame surmise is a broad field of study that involves examining ways in which strategic decisions argon derived. The study is applied in beas where strategic interactions among rational chat upers produce step forwardcomes with respect to the preferences of those players (Fudenberg Tirole 1991). Game surmise is a branch of applied math that is mostly manipulationd in the social sciences situations like, frugals, psychology, political science, and philosophy.The possibility is excessively used in early(a) fields like, biology, engineering, political science, international relations and computer science. Game guess stomach be classify as non-cooperative (or strategic) risques and co-operative (or coalitional) plump fors (Fernandez Bierman 1998). Non-cooperative lames are involved with how intelligent individuals interact with one an separate in an effort to accomplish their own goals. Co-operative mealys are where players co-operate in their impacts (strategies) to achieve the desired common goals.Strategic-form or normal form games and large form games. Strategic form games are games where actions by players are take onn simultaneously and order of the play is irrelevant to the games outcome. Extensive form games are games where actions are taken by the players in a sequence and order of play is relevant to a games outcome. They are usually presented in a tree diagram. Symmetric and Asymmetric games Asymmetric games are where the proceedss for playing a particular snuff it regard only on the other players strategies.Symmetric game is where identities of the players can be changed without ever-changing the payoff to the strategies. Zero- mettle games and non-zero sum games Zero-sum games are where the total benefits to all players add up to zero (Camerer 2003). In non-zero sum games, the total benefits do not necessarily adds up to zero. Discrete and continuous games discrete games have finite number of players, m oves, events and outcomes. Continuous games have infinite numbers.The basic elements of game theory are an agent (an entity with preferences/options), game (All situations in which at least one agent can only act to maximize his good through anticipating responses to his actions by one or more other agents), utility (amount of benefits/welfare an agent derives from accompaniment of an event), payoff (an ordinal utility number delegate to a player at event of a certain outcome), outcome (an assignment of a set of payoffs, one to apiece player in the game), schema (players plan on which action to take to achieved his/her desired payoff) and trees and matrices (ways of representing games that is ground on order of play) (Fernandez Bierman 1998). Game theory is found on the spare-time activity assumptions Players in a game are able to call for their own preferences i. e. they are free agents.Players are economically rational and they can, assess outcomes, calculate paths to ou tcomes and choose actions that they appreciate ordain yield their preferred outcomes. Agents purpose is to maximize their utility. Game outcome depends on the actions taken by the players (Camerer 2003). Game theory has been used to explain in different fields to explain varied phenomena. In economics, game theory has been employed to explain business behaviors and economic conditions. Economic theories have embraced game theory in explaining and exhibiting certain economic behaviors. Economists have used other related theories in trying to translate rational interaction of strategic economic decisions that are made by commonwealth.These theories are c abidely cerebrate to game theory and they include, decision theory, general equilibrium theory and mechanism heading theory. Decision theory is a game theory of a single player against nature that focuses on preferences and the formation of beliefs (Fernandez Bierman 1998). The theory is used to demonstrate how best to acquire tuition before arrest a decision. Equilibrium theory is a branch of game theory that deals with trade and outpution and mostly with where there are comparatively large number of individual consumers and producers (Fudenberg Tirole 1991). It is widely used in the macroeconomic analysis of broad based economic policies like monetary and fiscal policies, stock grocery stores analysis, interest and exchange rates studies.Mechanism design theory is built on game theory but have special focus on the consequences of different types of rules (strategies). Example of a game theory is harm game used by companies in a duopolistic grocery store to annex their securities industry divide. In a duopoly market, two firms control the market and they use factors like prices, quality overlaps and services, promotions, branding and promotion to compete over the market appropriate (Samuelson 2008). When market share of one company emergences, the other companys share decreases. Firms in s ectors that sells homogeneous products (e. g. energy sector), uses set strategy to win improver their market share.Taking example of two rock oil companies in a duopolistic market in current oil price surge, the companies are lookd with problem of adjusting their prices upwards since this go away adversely affect the demand of their oil products and thus reduce their revenues. Increase in crude oil prices has been experienced in the world, and oil and oil colour companies have to increase their retail prices upwards to realize internet from their venture. Companies excessively have objective of increasing the volume of their sales, by increasing the market share of their products. Since petroleum companies trades homogeneous products, the main marketing dent to increase their market share is price. For two companies in a duopoly market, if one company increases its prices, and other maintains or even reduces, the former loses market share to the latter.Both companies face t he following possibilities from their moves reduction of market share of their products and hence their future revenues and profit or reduction in their profit margin or loss and hence shrink of their financial performance and growth in the future. Therefore each of the firms is faced with dilemma of which move to take in this situation of sharp increase in their raw materials. The two firms have the following strategic problem to ensure profitability of their companies amid heights cost of their sales, and pressure to maintain their prices at competitive price over their rivals in order to increase demand of their products.These are conflicting goals that management of each company must resolve by making strategic price decisions. Pricing strategies for the two firms are either to increase the price that would results to increase in revenue and retain its market share, reduce price which results to increase in market share of its products or maintain the price (Ibid 2008). Each co mpany want to maximize its utility in the price moves i. e. to opt a move that allow for see its market share maintained or increased and also ensure profitability of the company. Each strategy that the companies may take have implications on the other i. e. move by one firm affects the other firm.Example, in case of one firm decreasing its prices, this impart affects negatively market share of the other as the demand of the former companys product increases. Therefore, each company is expected to take choice that willing result to its favor. Since the two firms are competing for succeeder in their business, there is no cooperation expected while making this very authorised pricing choice. However, both(prenominal) firm being the only supplier in the market, they can cooperate and set their price mutually in a way that will ensure that no company will lose out to the other. Such arrangements are common in oligopolistic markets, where producers when faced by price pressure mu tually stand for to set their prices at the same level that will maintain the market share levels.In this game, each player (company) prefers to increase its market share over the other over maintaining the current market share. Therefore, they are taking conflicting moves to win over the other. The selective information about the available strategic choices is available to both firms. Both firms also know the current market share of their products and prices of the rival group. Each company has information about the strengths of the other company and knows how much they can support low prices in the price wars. They also know that the cost of crude oil has increased in the world market and that price was the tool to increase their revenues and growth. The only information both companies do not have is which choice their rival make and when.Companies will not make price changes at the same time therefore the company that will make price changes after the other will have advantage over the other as it has prior information that is very important in making the pricing decisions. This game is an extensive game and the moves are in a sequence order. Therefore, timing of their moves is very important as it will moot the second company advantage to make a well informed move. apply a vatic case, we take example of one company making send-off move and thence the other follows. Using the game tool we can get the possible outcomes and effects in an economic situation like ours. The payoffs assigned to each possible result indicate situations where a company can benefit (high payoffs) or lose out to the other competing company (low payoffs).Using a hypothetical example of oil companies BP Inc and Shell Plc as companies that operates in a monopolistic market, we can examine outcomes of pricing moves made by the two companies. The game can be used to piss solutions to the price problem in a tight monopolisic market. The pricing game is based on the following assump tions both BP Inc and Shell Plc are rational entities and in their moves their objectives are to increase their market share. Both firms make a sequential move on pricing that take extensive form (Fudenberg Tirole 1991). Shell Plc makes their decision after the BP Inc makes their pricing move. There is perfect market information symmetry (all company has all market information).Other factors that affect influence market share of the companies are constant. Strategies employed are price increment, price reduction or maintaining the price level. Payoffs (utility functions) for the moves are assigned as Company that increases its market share over the other gets 5, company that losses its market share to the other gets -5. The payoffs represent the companies gain or loss in market share. The range for payoff is from -5 to 5, with both the net and the highest value representing the highest gain and the highest loss. The medium values represent an outcome of moderate change in the mark et share of the companies. The game can be represented in a tree diagram as follows BP IncP Pv P Shell P Pv P P Pv P P Pv P (0, 0) (-5, 5) (-2, 4) (5, -5) (3, 3) (4, 2) (4, 0) (2, 4) (2, 2) If BP Inc increases its prices ( P) due to increased world crude oil prices, and shell Plc increases (P) too the outcome will be (0, 0) i. e. their market share would not change but their sales may reduce due to decrease demand. If Shell Plc reduces (Pv) the prices after BP Inc has increased its prices, the pay offs are (-5, 5) i. e. BP Inc will loss its market share at a rate that is same as one Shell Plc will increase its market share.In the scenario that BP Inc will raise its prices and Shell maintains its prices (P), the payoffs are (-2, 4) i. e. market share for BP will reduce (Pv) but at low rate compared to Shell increment rate will be. On the other hand, if BP Inc reduces its prices first and then Shell raises its prices, the outcome will be (5, -5) i. e. market share for BP will increas e at a rate thats same as the one Shell Plc will lose its share. If both firms reduces their prices, the payoff is going to be (3, 3) i. e. their market share will not change but their sales will be better (higher revenue than if prices are higher). However, if BP reduces its prices but Shell maintains its price, the pay off will be (4, 2) i. e.BPs market share will increase comparatively higher than Shells. In the die hard scenario, in case BP maintains its price level but Shell Plc increases its price the outcome payoff will be (4, 0) i. e. BPs share will increase over Shells at comparatively higher rate. But if BP maintains its prices and Shell reduces its prices, the pay off will be (2, 4) i. e. Shell Plc will increase its market share at a higher rate than BP Inc. In the last possible scenario, if both BP and Shell maintains their prices, the payoff will be (2, 2) i. e. there is not going to be changes in the market share, though both firms will have higher sales than if they raise their prices.The game theory provides the solution that the second (shell) should take a move to reduce its price, if BP increases as it will greatly increase its market share. besides it can get increased market share and profit if it maintains its prices, after BP increases its prices. To the company that makes the first move, the best solution is to maintain the price level as it will have higher payoffs without risking the move by the Shell. These options are the only one that will increase their market share and profitable growth. The price game theory can be used to understand economic changes in duopolistic markets. The game can be used in making strategic pricing and marketing decisions.The approach is important to economic theorists in describing the economic rationale that relates to commodity prices, demand and supply dynamics (Guala 2005). Despite the usefulness of game theory, there are some challenges to this theory. The assumptions on which the theory is based sometimes do not kibosh (Fernandez Bierman 1998). Game theorist assumption that players always act in a way to directly maximize their utility sometimes is violated by human behaviors i. e. in practice, human behavior often deviates from this model. This is because of the following factors that need to be considered irrationality, new models of deliberation, and different motives ().In real life some people ply to respond irrationally in a situation where they are ideally expected to respond rationally. Also different people are motivated by different things and thus tend to respond differently in the same situation. To this end some theorists take game theory as tool for suggesting how people should respond but not as a tool to predict human behaviors and that game theory is used to explain strategic reasoning rather than strategic behaviors. Other limitations of the theory are based on the assumptions that prices changes are the only factors that will affect the demand of the oil products and consequently the market share. In real life there are rational factors that affect the market share of a product or a company.Quality of products and services, brand strength, promotions and other marketing strategies influences the demand of a product and its market share. Companies may also be motivated by other factors other than increasing market share when making pricing decisions. The theory also does not assign specific values to specify to what dower a company gain or lose the market share. Since its an economic analysis it should give outcomes that can be easily understood and that make economic sense. However, the theory is very important in giving the general description of how individuals are expected to respond given a certain economic conditions.In the economic field the theory has been instrumental in explaining behaviors of firms and individuals producers and consumers. The theory is also very important in understanding how strategic decisions relat e. Reference Camerer, C. (2003). Behavioral Game Theory Experiments in Strategic Interaction. Princeton Princeton University contend Fernandez, L F. Bierman, H S. (1998), Game Theory with Economic Applications, Addison-Wesley Fudenberg, D. , and Tirole, J. (1991). Game Theory. Cambridge, MA MIT Press Guala, F. (2005). The Methodology of experimental Economics. Cambridge Cambridge University Press Samuelson, L. (2005). Economic Theory and Experimental Economics. Journal of Economic Literature 4365-107.

Museu de Arte Contemporânea de Niterói Essay Example for Free

Museu de subterfugee Contempornea de Niteri EssayThe Niteri Contemporary Art Museum (Museu de Arte Contempornea de Niteri mac) is situated in the urban center of Niteri, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and is one of the metropoliss main landmarks. It was completed in 1996. Designed by Oscar Niemeyer with the assist of structural engineer Bruno Contarini, who had worked with Niemeyer on earlier projects, the MAC-Niteri is 16 meters high its cupola has a diameter of 50 metres with three floors. The museum projects itself over Boa Viagem (Bon Voyage, Good Journey), the 817 square metres (8,790 sq ft) reflecting pool that surrounds the cylindrical base ilk a flower, in the words of Niemeyer. A wide access slope leads to a Hall of Expositions, which has a capacity for sixty people. Two doors lead to the viewing gallery, through which can be seen theGuanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, and Sugarloaf Mountain.The saucer-shaped modernist structure, which has been likened to a UFO, is set on a c liffside, at the bottom of which is a beach. In the film Oscar Niemeyer, an architect attached to his century,1 Niemeyer is seen flying over Rio de Janeiro in a UFO which then lands on the site, suggesting this to be the origin of the museum. The MAC Scandal was a political grease that occurred when the mayor Joo Sampaio inaugurated the Niteri Contemporary Art Museum. The MAC is located on a hill slope that had locked plait rights set by the city council. Therefore in December 1996, the new mayor, Jorge Roberto Silveira sent a project to the city council to obtain the rights to construction in that area. The project was accepted in only two days, giving permission to build buildings up to 40 metres (130 ft).The city council did not know that days before, Zeca Mocarzel, sub-mayor of the Niteris Oceanic Region (of Jorge Roberto Silveiras government) bought the lands at a very low price, claiming to the old owner that the region was locked and nothing could be done there. So he bough t the area and, after the inauguration of the MAC which substantially increased the property values of the nearby areas, subsequently sold the land for more than 5 million reals, approximately 1,250,000 US dollars at the time (2,720,000 dollars today). Because the scandal occurred just before Christmas, the people of Niteri said that it was Jorge Roberto Silveira, Zeca Mocarzel and Joo Sampaios (long-time Niteris politicians) Christmas present.

Pioneer Electronics Essay Example for Free

innovator Electronics EssayIn 1975 introduce maintained relationships with approximately 3,500 franchise retail outlets, the retail outlets benefited from a 5% originate investment in local advertising, and attractive gross metes and credit terms. However, that same year, Pioneer and three competitors were forced to sign react decrees with the U.S. Federal Trade Commission promising not to engage in alleged anti-fair competition practices that is to say requiring distri thators to spend suggested list prices and punishing those distributors who didnt comply either through with(predicate) delayed shipments or revoked franchises.A grocery price war followed the signing of the consent decrees, cast downing franchises advances firearm increasing revenue for Pioneer. Pioneer followed with a immature commercialiseing strategy aimed at pushing its newfangled lower-priced accurate lots everyplace compacts or consoles, this further boosted Pioneers profit, continuing t o erode the franchise distributors profit margins. The final outcome was a select few distributors shifting from supporting Pioneer component gross revenue to pushing competitors products in order to make a larger profit.Central ProblemPioneer Electronics must determine how to move forward from franchise distributors complaints that they cannot make an adequate profit selling Pioneer components over the lesser tint, more(prenominal) affordable competitors components. The result is dissident behavior by the distributors including disparaging comments nearly the Pioneer sucker to potential consumers, poor product placement in franchise stores and bait and switch gross revenue tactics. These actions reflect a possible erosion of franchise distributor support, which might force Pioneer to spay its business model.Relevant FactsWith the repeal of the fair-trade laws, the market place changed drastically for Pioneer, gross revenue and market share increased significantly during thi s period, prices and margins dropped. As the target market for their products expanded, Pioneer changed their marketing strategy to focus on selling mid-priced hi-fi products. Pioneers sales continued to climb, but this strategy squeezed the dealers margins even more and made it ambitious for them to make a profit selling Pioneer products. Pioneer decision to reposition itself from a premium-priced discoloration into a mid-priced, mainstream firebrand affected the profit margins of its distributors negatively. At the same time, the companys profit margin increased dramatically. Based on 1976 data from Exhibit 13, an average retailer profit margin was about 3.4%. Pioneer had a comparable profit margin of 3.9% in 1975, based on Exhibit 14 data.This margin increased by almost 3 times in 1976 to 9.4%. This clearly shows how Pioneer benefited from its market repositioning strategy while its distributors profits declined. Although surveys showed customers were very satisfied with Pione er products, the sales force was disquieted and felt the lower margins were unacceptable. This drove a few dealers to speak disparagingly about Pioneer products and use bait and switch tactics to create profits for themselves. Mitchell knew the dealers support was critical to the current distribution chain, but he couldnt go back to the old incentives. To continue to be profitable and adapt to the new electronics market, Pioneer reconsider its current distribution network.Alternative Courses of ActionAlternative 1 Shift distribution to segment stores Shift retail distribution from military capability stores to department stores and catalog showrooms. 75% of U.S. Pioneers sales were from hi-fi specialty stores, 5% by department stores, and 7% by catalog showrooms. Advantages spacious credit facilities, strong consumer pull advertising, and lower prices. Industry sources predicts a substantial increase in the market shares of department stores and catalog showrooms. Disadvantage s Department stores and catalog showrooms do not offer the extensive customer black market provided by specialty stores, including professional sales assistance, demonstration, extended store warranty, on-the-premises repair, home delivery and installation, and loaner component programs.Alternative 2 Multiple Branding U.S. Pioneer would offer several product lines of varying quality and price points under separate brand names. Different product lines would be carried by different types of retail outlets. The department-store line would be of lower quality and price than the signature line. Advantages Multiple branding had been used successfully in other industries. It would enable U.S. Pioneer to adapt most effectively to future changes in retail distribution. Pioneer already sells compacts and car stereos to discount stores under the Centrex brand name. Disadvantages This strategy could tarnish Pioneers reputation for selling only top-of-the-line products. Pioneer may collect t rouble keeping their distribution channel distinct, and therefore be incurring too much cost on the low end products or being destroying the brand value of the high end products.Alternative 3 Company-owned Stores Another alternative is to operate its own retail stores. Some retailers in the low-fi market had been selling their own house brands for some time. field of operations brands are starting to make in-roads in the hi-fi market and the specialty stores are carrying house brands in increasing numbers. Advantages One way to protect Pioneer from the luck of large specialty store custody promoting house brands which would impact its sales. Disadvantages A large initial fixed investment for starting up is required. The risk of expanding into a non-familiar territory which Pioneer does not have good expertise in.Alternative 4 corpus Communication improvement Dealer support is crucial for Pioneer growth. From Table A Factors Influencing Purchase of high fidelity sound system Pr oducts in the case, it clearly shows that dealer recommendations, advertising and store displays accounts for 42% of the factors influencing consumers decisions. The company needs to hire more salespeople to increase the frequency of dealer visits, provide higher cash rebates or other incentive programs and organizing yearbook dealers conferences at different resorts. Pioneer needs to stop forcing its dealers to prominently display low-end components and push lower-priced components. Selling lower priced components affects the retailers profit margin.This results in placing higher sales emphasis on house brands or competitor products. Advantages Retailers salespeople are the companys point of contact with its customers. Happy and heart and soul dealers volition push Pioneer product which will increase companys sales. Disadvantage The brand is what sells the product. The company should not waste funds on dealer rebates and conferences. This will result in a rebate war between diff erent manufacturers.Plan of ActionPioneer should pursue a three-fold label branding strategy to capture sales in both the high end and missed cost market segments, which will increase total revenue and profits. The company is already implementing this through its Centrex brand name in Japan. This strategy will enable Pioneer, through the Centrex brand, to target the growing department stores market with its lower price product segment. The signature Pioneer brand can still be marketed through Hi-Fi specialty stores. Under this arrangement Pioneer will need to develop a customized sales and marketing plan for each brand and have separate sales and distribution channels. Pioneer will continue to contribute a component of sales to local marketing campaigns to assist local specialty retailers in maintaining local recognition within the community.The Centrex brand will be distributed through the larger department stores and because of the national recognition of these stores there wou ld not be a need to contribute a percentage of sales to assist in local marketing. These funds should be used for other promotional items in the large department stores, such as contests for the largest sales in a month or quartern or number of a specific product sold. The company should also simultaneously invest in improving its working relationship with their dealers.The first thing that Pioneer will need to do is to stop over printing ads in newspapers and/or journals to communicate to dealers about unapproved behavior. These types of conversations should be conducted behind closed doors, as incomplete side wins when they communicate in a public forum. Pioneer will need to begin to postulate their feedback and input on new market trends, consumer needs and product improvement suggestions and adjust the Pioneer products accordingly. Pioneer should implement the sales program from Exhibit 12 and shift some of the funds from the marketing campaigns to have local contests to spu r sales among local sales force.

The Benefits of Using a Curriculum Within the Outdoor Environment Essay Example for Free

The Benefits of exploitation a Curriculum Within the Outdoor Environment EssayIf education is a voyage of discovery, wherefore not explore the opportunities to take erudition outside? Chiara Pannozzo The Early Years are a magazine of unriv whollyed personal discovery, in which each day holds the potential for adventure for a child and nowhere offers greater potential for adventure than the great outdoors. The earns of outdoor cope with are really very basic, says rag Harbottle, a consultant in play and risk management, who was formerly appointed by the EU as a child safety expert to the European Standards Organisation. If children arent allowed to engage with the agents mud, water, air, even fire how can they produce to understand the world that they live in? Harry argues that there is a need to move external from a culture of reluctance to let children explore outdoors. We are at last realising the consequences of children spending more or less of their time indoor s, says Harry. There are too many children who have been adversely affected by a lack of exercise and stimulation. The outdoor environment is a rich, dynamic and natural space to enhance the schooltime plan and stimulates quality learning and development in children of all ages.Its value as an essential learning resource has been recognized by many pieces of research and more recently with the Eraly Uears Foundation Stage (EYFS), specially within the principle of Enabling Environments. Outdoor activities, whether they be core National Curriculum core showcase or foundation stalkd, can always be adapted, if necessary, for children with extra learning ineluctably/physical disabilities by the teacher doing a reckie of the area outside which is to be used and then assessing how circumstances can be adapted for pupils with such difficulties.Also, a buddy can be placed with a child who has additional needs and assistance given when necessary. It is imperative that restrictions are only placed for health and safety reasons otherwise, integrity should always endeavour to give children ownership to encourage a sense of independence and conquest. To give an precedent of how an activity could be adapted for children with additional learning needs/physical dis big businessman Making sultry chocolate drinks in Kelly Kettle Children collect kindling in areas accessible to them Children stay at base position to help build the waffle raft for fire Children organize kindling into different sizesWhen the curriculum is taken into the outdoor environment, children have been observed having confidence and independence with activities they have pursued, providing them with a sense of success and raised self esteem. Children will develop relationships (PSHE) with their peers and adults. As confidence grows, children will begin to consider the needs of others (disabled/additional learning needs), as well as individually. Practitioners in the woodland have reflected tha t children in this environment had gained confidence in adapting to new situations and in trying new experiences.This also impacted on their ability to choose activities independently and their confidence in self initiating tasks was seen to develop dramatically. To give an example of an obvious benefit of bringing the curriculum into the outdoor environment Child X enjoyed making shelters and would often enlist the caution of one his/her peers by sayon, Oh this log is heavy, can you help me ? The other children present would the all work as a team by holding onto the large log and assist moving it into position. Child X had acquired more skill in making and strengthening friendships , the art of consideration and compromise Can I help you? instead of Thats mine . Though these changes may be maturational, childrens experiences gave them real opportunities for practising these unsophisticated life skills. Through their comments (the significant other), practitioners should see t heir role as very varied and should include ensuring the environment is safe, allowing the children choice of equipment such as, ropes, trowels and buckets, observing and valuing their self initiated learning. Practitioners should feel by questioning, suggesting and providing propts/props, they can extend childrens self-initiated development.Dowling describes self-initiated play as spontaneous, where the practitioner can choose to be involved by participating alongside and whirl a reassuring presence. Such an important aspect needs to be adopted by all adults who work with children involved in bringing the curriculum into the outdoor environment, if this is to be a successful element for childrens potential learning. The adult needs to be aware of the potential for learning in childrens play, but this is a very different matter from predetermining the play. Dowling (1992)

Gothic Style in Britain Essay Example for Free

knightly Style in Britain Essay gothic port has been enduring father of architectural design in Britain. Its development was complex and contradictive as it offers grand vision of forms, shapes and angles. Nevertheless, the fashion has found its recognition. Usually, on distinguishes four major developmental stages of gothic style Norman Gothic dated 1066-1200 Early incline Gothic dated 1200-1275 Decorated Gothic dated 1275-1375 and, finally, orthogonal Gothic dated 1375-1530. The term gothic originated in France and was often referred to as the philosophy of architecture.Speaking near characteristics of gothic style, it is necessary to admit strong vertical lines, minimal groyne seats, high vaulted ceilings, reinforce walls and pointed door openings(Ross 2005). For the first time British architects became interested in gothic style during the Norman Gothic period or, in other words, during the Norman Conquest. That period brought Gothic style to life. Nevertheless, during that period British style was similar tot hat of the rest in the Europe and it hasnt yet found distinguishing character.Designs of buildings were transitional as many of them were relieve provided with thick piers and rounded windows which were inherent to Romanesque style. Decoration and vaulting were simple and small sign of elaborate rock candywork was observed. Nevertheless, that period was the foundation of original British gothic style being so popular even today. Famous examples of that period are Wells Cathedral, Durham Cathedral and Ely Cathedral(Mahoney 1995). During the Early English period English architects had managed to truly adapt peculiarities of gothic style.Actually, that period was called Lancet due to pointed shaft windows. Proportions were still magnificently simple, as well as the forms were still austere. The main points of early gothic style were lancet windows, slender towers, narrow shafts, and quadripartite ribbings in vaults. The best known ex ample of early gothic style can be seen at Salisbury Cathedral(Frankl 1962). The third stage of gothic development was Decorated Gothic period being characterized by fanciful tracery and window ornamentation. New feature was that windows became wider than lancet ones.Invention of fleeting buttress contributed significantly development of gothic style as it became possible to provide widening or lessening in wall areas naturally. Furthermore, vaulting techniques improved and was much of help in supporting weighting off the walls. The wall became little more than sells with decorated window openings. During that period architects became interested in stone decoration which was varied and rich. Moreover, window glass became more colorful and vivid. Designs were marked by stone carvings and paintings. one and only(a) of the famous examples of Decorated Period is Exeter Cathedral(Harvey 1990). Finally, Perpendicular period was characterized by strong vertical lines in wall paneling and window tracery. The style became more functional. Flying buttress was provided with decorative features and vaults were elaborate fan shapes. British towers became decorated elaborately they became massive and traceried spider-webs of stone like lace. Distinguishing features of that period were minimum wall space which entailed the viewer with the feeling of spaciousness and light.Kings College Chape and Henry VIIs chapel at Westminster Abbey were built in Perpendicular style(Ross 2005). It is necessary to underline that gothic style never really died in Britain after the mediaeval period. During 17th and 18th centuries gothic styles was still present despite popularity of classical themes which were ruled only by fashion. For example, gothic elements were added to Christopher Wrens London churches to make them look older. In the end of the 18th ampere-second Batty Langley opened school of romanticized Gothic architecture which became popular design of domestic buildings.Finally, in the graduation of the 19th century gothic style was proclaimed to be more suitable to university buildings and churches Kings College and Bridge of Sighs at Johns college(Frankl 1962).BibliographyFrankl, Paul. (1962) Gothic Architecture. Baltimore, Penquin Books. Harvey, John. (1950) The Gothic World, 1100-1600 A Survey of Architecture and Art. London, B. T. Batsford. Mahoney, Kathleen. (1995) Gothic Style. UK, Harry N. Abrams. Ross, David. (2005) Gothic Architecture in England Internet. Available from http//www. britainexpress. com/History/Gothic-architecture. htm Accessed 14 February 2008.

Drinking Milk Essay Example for Free

Drinking draw EssayIntroduction A Gaining Attention Give the consultation some question as 1. how many an(prenominal) people in the audience have a habit drinking take out for daily nutrition? 2. are you take care of your family or yourself by the way drinking take out? Why? B Motivating The Audience Comparing the differences between people drink draw and not. C Establishing Credibility afford the audience some popular benefits when drinking draw from some famous expert nutrients in the world.D Preview Of Main Ideasnow I will show you bebefits of drinking milk, it n ot only put out nutrient for people health, drive rise being for all people especially with patient further also build strong bones and teeth. Body Main psyche 1 milk planning Nutrients For People Health Milk contain more and more mineral, protein, calcium, iron, vitamin, phosphorous and so on , consort to well known nutrition expert Dr wendy Bazilian, author of the superfoodrx diet and co-owner of s an diego-based bazilians health clinic. Milk contains 87. 5% of water, 3. 9% milk fat, 8. 8% solid non fat which includes protein, lactose, minerals and acids, enzyms and vitamins.Proteins include caseins, whey proteins, lactabumin and lactoglobulin. The main sugar endow in the milk is lactose. It also contains vitamins A,C,D and amino acids. ? With baby ? With adult.. ? With old people Main idea 2 Promote Well Being For All People Milk is rattling necessary for people. Specially, milk is very good for patient. Its not only supplies eough energies minerals, proteins, but also it increase resistance and promote well being for all people. With normal people, milk plays inportance for both health , skin, and intestine. With patient, it promotes well being very quickly.For example, reducing line of products pressure and diabetes, calcium, magnesium and potassium content in milk avails to reduce the blood pressure and diabetes. Reducing the risk of colon nominatecer, consuming at least one glass of milk per day reduce 15% risk of developing colon type of cancer. And buiding intestinal health. In the market, thither are many kinds of milk. It is not only suitable with many kinds of diseases but also promote well being for people. For example with patient,they need more nutrients to emend the health but maybe they can not eat some nutrients food because it containt some matter that not good for their diseases.Milk will help them to supply every necessary nutrients, it can instead of the daily diet. -As you know the popular milk for pateint as ensure,.. , Main idea 3 Milk Buids Strong Bones And Teeth. According to nutrition expert Bazililan, in that location are 99% of body is calcium is stored and hundreds of studies have shown that calcium in milk help improve bone densty, balance of other nutrients that have been proven to buid bones and teeth as well as promote the healthy function of blood usels. More milk-stronger bones, as it contains abundant calc ium.Calcium also acids in muscular and circulatory function, embarrasss osteoporosis Fighting cavities protein, calcium, phosphorous content in the milk products the tooth enamel, stimulates saliva production, and neutralizes food acids. Milk containtsupply % calcium per day for health. Arcording to studies show that percent peole drinking milk are alive more longevity than people dont drinking milk. In modern life,people drinking milk hold approximate 85%. It show that the inportant of drinking milk in life. ( So drinking milk is the convinience, quickly,save money for modern life.Conclusion A Signaling The Ending Im going to the finis this topic. B preview of main points I found it very convinience and good for us if drinking milk everyday. It supply nutrients for people health, promote well being for all people, and buid strong bones and teeth. C beginning To Introduction Give some web adress a bout effect of milk with healthy to audience D Ending With Impact Change your ha bit by the way drink milk everyday, you can change your health more and more strong and young,your life will more quality because it prevent your health out of some hard diseases in the future.

Frankenstein Movie Version vs. Mary Shelley’s Novel Essay Example for Free

Frankenstein Movie Version vs. bloody shame Shelleys Novel EssayIn 1957 British Production Company Hammer Films launched their own serial of adaptations of Frankenstein with the first film entitled The Curse of Frankenstein. The Frankensteins myth was revived once again. This time it was more different from the Universal Studios own version. The prominent element in the Universal Series was the monster solely Hammer chose the person of overlord Frankenstein as focal point and subject of the story. The Curse of Frankenstein is set well-nigh 1880.Baron Victor Frankenstein and his new teacher Paul Krempe became close companions. They started their experiments and their first success was the reanimation of a puppy. after several years they want to experiment it on humans. They stole the body of a hanged highwayman from the gallows. Victor bought body parts like eyes, hands and several other parts, which they stitch together. Finally, the only thing compulsory to complete his cr eation is a brain, the mind of a genius.Victor killed his old mentor professor Bernstein to place its brain in his creation. Victor Frankenstein was entirely different from the character in Shelleys novel. He was not as bad as the film portrays. He doesnt have to kill anyone to hand his goal. The only close similarity to the original story is the monster with its ugly and horrible appearance. The monster as well as from the moment it wakes was found to be very aggressive and evil.It kills a blind man and a puppyish girl unlike in the original where it is not even capable to express feelings and emotions. The film was ground on the original story of Frankenstein novel but a lot of twists and modifications have been already do to the original theme. Works Cited Rohrmoser, Andreas. The Curse of Frankenstein (1957) The Monstrous Baron Hammer Films Frankenstein Series. 2006. 24 phratry 2008. http//members. inode. at/359743/frankenstein/frankenstein-hammer. htm

Women Throughout History Essay Example for Free

Wowork force Throughout History EssayFor much of history, wo manpower did not have the same privileges and rights as men did. In fact, it was only about a century ago that women gained the right to vote in Canadian federal elections. For years, women were at a constant struggle against society, as they believed their only place in this manhood involved raising the children and housekeeping. Over the past two centuries, women have made the ongoing effort to excite for their right to have the same opportunities as the opposite sex. These beliefs in equality lead to things such as more job opportunities, the right to vote, and most importantly a completely new outlook on women. In our modern day society, the media and society shape and mould our views on how women should act, look, and be. Throughout the course of history, men saw women as their property, homemakers, caretakers, and the inferior being. In colonial society, almost all women were married and the only achievement th ey could pride themselves on was that of their husbands.Although women have made progress over the past two hundred years, women hush face inequality in several countries such as Saudi Arabia and India. With women becoming political leaders and CEOs of successful companies, they show the world their ambitions while continuing to contribute to societys growth through science, business, literature, and the arts. With figures such as Oprah Winfrey to the CEO of HP Meg Whitman women let the world acknowledge that this is not a mans world.It is important to remember the struggles and obstacles women faced and overcame to show to the world, women are capable of accomplishing great things. With each turn, the worldly concern makes women continue to prove to the rest of the world that they are a force to be reckoned with. References Here is where I found my quote http//www. goodreads. com/quotes/tag/women beesha (2013). Women in Society throughout History.

Use of Films for ESOL Learners

Use of Films for ESOL LearnersCHAPTER IINTRODUCTIONThis chapter presents background of the call for, description of the problem, purpose of the hit the books, signifi put forwardce of the study, scope and limitation of the inquiry, and definition of key terms.Background of The Study committal to musical composition is a complicated scientific discipline, paternity is a skill that the diction teacher must teach to their students. And similarly it is actually important because writing van give the student chance to turn in or express their personalities, and to domination and to develop the side ability (Scot and Ytreberg,1992). In addition, because of writing, the learners learn to communicate with other people in rule they will understand each other, or to read the message and they need to compile it. (Raimes, 1983). That its why writing will give benefit for students if they mastered this writing.Writing is not skill where the students get easily and naturaly. It means , side as Foreign Language learners argon not taught how to preserve a good narrative account statement in English words. However, to teach writing not only about grammar, the mechanics of the alphabet or the spelling, but also the learners need to see the ideas or concepts in English language.Lack of vocabulary is also the problem when the teacher ask students to write. The students look confused and asking their friend about what is the English language for some words.High school students are asked to write simple and curtly sen disco biscuitces, messages, short announcements, and also to write narrative, and other type of paragraphs (Depdiknas, 2006). In the statement above, the direction of writing at high school is a simple one. However, writing is productive skills besides speaking, but unagitated look complicated skill for SMA students to master. It is a complex activity that need a variety of skills.Due to that take aim, the query worker tries to pose out a kind of technique that send away help students write sentences or a simple paragraph and go on them in the writing activity. The look intoer assumes that one of the good courses of teaching writing is by employ media. Instructional media is important in teaching and accomplishment processes in set out the students can enhance and erect learning and support the teachers instruction. The use of media needs to be planned carefully.There are so many kinds of media that can be used in the teaching writing process. One of them is short motion picture. unforesightful word picture can be the basis of the most heavy side motivate students to write. compact delineation as the media are very useful for teaching English writing, especially to attract and big(p) the anxiety to the students attention and to deliver the in variantation. So, in teaching writing, the teacher can use short movie to motivate the students to write, to help, to stimulate and to guide students to write a narrative paragraph.In this research, the researcher tries to implement the use of movie strategy into the teaching of narrative paragraph. A narrative paragraph is a paragraph that retells events possibility in the past. It focuses on individual participants, uses correct grammar past tense, focuses on a sequence of events, and it uses action clauses.To polish off a good narrative paragraph, it would be better if the teachers use short movie to begin the learning process clear and make students understand, and the students will arrange the sentences in a good chronological order.The researcher believes that picture series is applicable for the students in SMAN I MANYAR GRESIK because it may guide, help, motivate and supercharge the students to express and show their ideas, opinions, and thoughts onto paper.1.2 Statement of The ProblemThe research problem in this research is in a question form How can eleventh grade of SMAN I MANYAR students ability in writing narrative paragraphs be meliorate by using short movie?1.3 Purpose of The StudyAccording to the problem above this research is to describe how the 11th grade students ability in writing narrative paragraph at SMAN 1 MANYAR can be improved by using short movie.1.4 Significance of The StudyThe findings of this research can be useful for the teacher and other researchers. For the teachers, the finding of this study can give the alternative sort or technique in teaching writing narrative texts.1.5 Scope and Limitation of The Study The research is focused on the teaching and learning process by involving the 11th grade students of SMAN I MANYAR GRESIK in short movie to improve their writing ability in narrative texts. The improvement is focused on quad components organization, vocabulary, grammar, and mechanic. Those components are analyzed using analytic scoring deed for writing.1.6 Definition of Key equipment casualtyIn order to avoid misunderstanding, the researcher defines several important terms in thi s proposalShort movie is a movie that has a short duration about 15-20 minutes length.Narrative is a piece of text which tells a story and has generic structure begins from orientation, complications, and resolution.Writing ability is a way that needs skill of communicating a message to a reader to express idea, thoughts and feelings.Improve is make something to be better. From low to high.CHAPTER IIREVIEW OF RELATED LITERATUREThis chapter aims to provide a review of the books related to the teaching of English in Indonesia, the problem of writing, the previous research and the media.2.1 The Teaching of English in IndonesiaEnglish is the international language which is used in communication, or an activity every time. Mastering English is getting important. In Indonesia, English is a compulsory subject. But it seems that the teaching of English as a Foreign Language is not to lead the students to be able to communicate, but only to prepare the students to overstep the national exa mination (Kam Wong, 2004181).But nowadays, many teachers and learners realize if learning English is not only the skill that we need to pass the exams, but also for communication. Saukah (2000) states that the purpose of teaching English as a outside(prenominal) language in Indonesia is that the learners will master to use English for communication in written or oral language. The ability to communicate is the way how we are able to understand and show to express something.Writing is one of four language skills which has important role in teaching English as a Foreign Language. Brown (2001), writing is simple as putting the ideas or concepts into paper. Compared to speaking, writing is more difficult because writing has the typical characteristics of language that are more complex than those of spoken language such as the degree of formality.Naturally, the process of writing needs the different set of competencies and skills which not every writer has. As beginners, Senior High Sc hool students, of course, cannot be expected to master and apply all those writing skills.The students still have a lot of problems in expressing their ideas in writing form. The curriculum expects students to be able to write simple message and simple paragraph at Junior High School. This expectation has not been achieved so far because the students still find it difficult to express and show their ideas in the written language especially in English. This statement based on fact that most of the students paper cannot be understood well because at that place are so many errors.2.2 Previous ResearchResearch on using short movie strategy has been conducted by some researchers. Sumarsih (2006) did a study using short movie to teach English at the XI IPA-1 students of SMA Negeri 8 Medan. The study showed that the starting line home run of the students test was 42,5 for the total improvement from the first competency test to the third competency test was 68,75%. The conclusion is tha t the student achievement was improved by using the media such as short movie.So the points that we can conclude from using short movie strategy in teaching writing are (1) stimulates the students to be active in English classes during the activity, (2) activates the four language skills (speaking, listening, readning and writing at the same time), (3) produces a fun English class as the surpass way to learn English, (4) increase students achievement.Media for Teaching WritingListiyaningsih (2002), to facilitate the teaching and learning process, several kinds of media can be used as useful means of teaching in interesting ways. In fact, teaching and learning activities are communication processes. So, using media in teaching writing are good to encourage and stimulate the students to be actively involved during the teaching and learning processes.The media areShort Movie work speakerProyektorCHAPTER IIIRESEARCH METHODOLOGYThis chapter contains the description of the research metho dology. It includes research design, population and sample, subject and setting, selective information collection, and selective information analysis.3.1 Research DesignIn this study, the researcher uses Classroom Action Research because the researcher wants to improve the students writing skill. The researcher uses short movie as instructional media to improve the students writing skill. It will be brought by the researcher as a new teaching technique in the class. Particularly, the aim of this study is to find a new strategy or technique in learning English writing which can help the teacher to solve classroom problems.The researcher implemented the CAR by Kemmis and mack Taggart (1998). There are four phase or steps in this action research (1) supply an action, (2) implementing an action, (3) observing and (4) reflecting.3.2 Population and SampleThe population of the study consisted of 360 students 124 male students and 236 female students in SMAN 1 MANYAR Gresik 11th grade .T he sample of this study consisted of 36 students of class XI IPS 2 16 male students and 20 female students, which chosen by cluster sampling at SMAN 1 MANYAR Gresik 11th grade .3.2.1 defeat and SettingThis research was conducted at SMAN 1 MANYAR Gresik 11th grade.. This school had thirty (30) classes and each level had ten (10) classes. The subjects of this study were class XI IPS 2, at the academic year 2013/2014. The class consists of thirty six (36) students.The resolve why the researcher chose this class because this class had the most problems in writing.3.3 entropy Collection3.3.1 IntrumentThe instrument of this researchFirst, document collection was conducted by collecting students papers at the end of the steps to be evaluated. The entropy that researcher test are two data in cycle 1 and cycle 2. some(prenominal) of the cycle are test which will have different movie that will be showed to the students. And the papers the students submitted not just the result of narrat ive paragraph, but also all their drafting in order to evaluate their progress when they write before.Second, field notes were used as instruments to know what was happened such as the condition and the setting of the class, the atmosphere of the classroom and the other unexpected things that happened.Third, interviews were conducted in two types at the beginning of the study in order to gather data about the students problems in writing and at the end of to find out the students understanding the implementation of the narrative paragraph using short movie strategy.Finally, questionnaires was applied at the end of the cycle to know about the students responses and attitude in the implementation of the approach.3.3.2 The Procedure of Collecting informationThe researcher did the steps proposed by Kemmis and Mc Taggart (1998) as illustrated belowThe researcher explains the research procedures start from antecedent study and research implementation including planning, implementation, observation, and reflection which is appropriate with the illustration above.Planning The teacher plans about the lesson plan, materials, media, the instruments. murder In this part, the teaching and learning processes are carried out by the researcher, helped by a collaborator or teacher to observe the students progress during the process of learning.Observation the process of recording and gathering all of the data during the teaching and learning processes.Reflection the researcher and the collaborative teacher are discussed the result of the implementation if it is achievement or not.3.4 Data AnalysisIn evaluating the students writing scores and results, the researcher uses analytic scoring rubric whose components of writing are scored partly and separately based on the composition such as guinea pig, language use, and mechanic. The researcher wants the students will has minimum target score at least 60.Table 1. Scoring gloss of Evaluating the StudentsWriting ProductsComponen ts of WritingLevelScale and DescriptorContentVocabularyChronological order4The content is relevant to the topic and easy to understand.3The content is almost complete, relevant to the topic.2The content is relevant to the topic but is not sooner easy to understand.1The content is not quite relevant to the topic.Language useUse Past Tense4No grammatical inaccuracies3Some grammatical inaccuracies2Several grammatical inaccuracy1Frequent grammatical inaccuraciesMechanics recitePunctuationCapitalization4It uses correct spelling, good punctuation, and capitalisation3It has occasional errors of spelling, mistaken punctuation, and capitalisation2It has frequent errors of spelling, punctuation, and capitalization1It has no mastery of convention dominated by errors of spelling, punctuation, and capitalizationAdapted from J.B. Heaton (1990111) with some modification.From the scoring rubric of writing narrative in table 1, the maximum score is 12 (3 x 4) and the minimum is 3 (3 x 1). So, to id entify the final score of the students achievement in writing narrative is based on the following scores category in the table. And the scoring isData DisplayThere are four kinds of data that collected in this research and most of them were in the form of qualitative data. They were collected from document collection, field notes, interviews, and questionnaires.1